Chosen Solution
An Apple ID verification code is required to sign in. Type your password followed by the verification code shown on your other devices.
Sounds like you have installed a new hard drive and a new system. You also appear to have an iCloud account. The Apple ID you are trying to log in with is associated with an iPhone or iPad. Apple is sending a 6 digital verification code to one of those devices and wants you to put that number in. This is a security measure to prevent theft of a device.
